VIVERRIDAE - Binturongs, Civets, Genets, Linsangs & Fossas

This family is native to southern Europe, Africa and Asia, including Indonesia and the Philippines. Viverrids apparently radiated on Madagascar, where there are a number of endemic genera. The family includes 34 species currently placed in 20 genera.

Viverrids are medium-sized carnivores with long bodies and relatively short legs. Their bodies range from around 12 inches in length (excluding the tail, which is usually 5 in - 35 in ) to 40 in length. Weights range from slightly less than 2 lb to 30lb. Most species have relatively small heads with short, pointed or semipointed, erect ears and a relatively long, pointed muzzle. Their eyes are of medium size. Most species have stripes, spots, or bands on their bodies, and their tails are often ringed with contrasting colors, while a few are uniform in color. Their claws can be retracted. Most have perianal (not anal) glands that produce a strong-smelling substance; in some species the odor is sufficiently potent to ward off predators. The secretion of these glands, called civet, is used as a perfume base and medicine. Male viverrids have a baculum.  One genus, Arctictus, has a truly prehensile tail.  They have 5 toes on each foot.  Females usually have two or three pairs of abdominal mammae.

The head of most viverrids is long and flattened. The second lower incisor appears to be slightly out of (raised above) the line defined by the incisor row. The carnassials are well developed. Their last upper molar is not constricted in the middle, as it is in most members of the family Mustelidae. The dental formula is 3/3, 1/1, 3-4/3-4, 1-2/1-2 = 32-40. In the auditory bullae, the demarcation between ectotympanic and entotympanic parts of the bullae is clear, and in this family it is oblique to the long axis of the skull (it is perpendicular to that axis in members of the family Herpestidae). The ectotympanic part of the bullae is much smaller than the entotympanic part. Unlike the condition in herpestids, a median lacerate foramen is absent.

Viverrids are essentially forest inhabitants, but they also live in dense brush and thick grass.  They are either diurnal or nocturnal and shelter in any convenient retreat, usually a hole in a tree, a tangle of vines, ground cover, a cave, a crevice or a burrow.  Those species living near people sometime seek refuge under rafters or in the drains of houses.  

Viverrids will fight when cornered.  They seek their prey in trees and on the ground, either by stalking or by pouncing on it from a hiding place.  They eat small vertebrates (including carrion), insects, and other invertebrates including worms, crustaceans, and molluscs. Some species are probably strictly carnivorous and have the reputation of fierce and effective predators; others also include fruit and roots in their diets. Sightings of most species usually involve one or at most two individuals; viverrids generally do not associate in larger groups. Most are strongly arboreal, but a few species seldom climb. Their senses of sight, smell, and hearing are all well developed.

Most species have a potential longevity of 5-15 years. 

While this is a large group with many species, the habits of a surprising number are poorly known.  

The geological range of this family is late Eocene to Recent in Europe, early Oligocene to Recent in Asia, early Miocene to Recent in Africa, and Pleistocene to Recent in Madagascar.  

Information taken from Walker's mammals of the World Fifth Edition